In the great sustainability showdown, two packaging terms often steal the spotlight: biodegradable and compostable. They sound similar, and they’re often tossed around interchangeably. But here’s the catch: they’re not the same, and if you’re a business trying to make greener choices, that difference really matters.

In a time when the UK generates millions of tonnes of packaging waste every year, knowing the difference can help brands avoid greenwashing, align with real sustainability goals, and build a packaging strategy that works for both the planet and their customers.

Biodegradable Packaging: Flexible, But a Bit Vague

Biodegradable packaging refers to materials that break down naturally with the help of microorganisms like bacteria or fungi. Over time, these materials return to the earth as water, CO₂, and biomass.

Sounds good, right? But here’s the issue: there’s no fixed timeframe for when that breakdown happens. Some “biodegradable” packaging may take years   even decades   to fully decompose, especially if it ends up in landfills where oxygen and microbial activity are low. And without a universal standard, many biodegradable claims are… well, biodegradable in their credibility too.

Compostable Packaging: Purpose Built and Standardised

Compostable packaging, on the other hand, is the A-student of sustainable materials. It’s designed to break down within a specific timeframe, leaving behind zero toxic residue and turning into nutrient-rich compost.

To be labelled compostable, packaging must meet certain standards, like EN 13432 in Europe. This means, under the right conditions (like those found in industrial composting facilities), the material will break down within 90 to 180 days. That’s a big deal when you want predictability and transparency in your sustainability practices.

Also worth noting: while all compostable packaging is biodegradable, not all biodegradable packaging is compostable. That’s the hierarchy businesses should keep in mind.

Key Differences at a Glance

  • Timeframe: Biodegradable can mean years. Compostable is typically months.
  • Residue: Biodegradable may leave fragments. Compostable leaves nutrient-rich soil.
  • Conditions: Compostable needs specific conditions. Biodegradable is broader but slower.
  • Standards: Compostable follows clear regulations. Biodegradable is often unverified.

What About the UK?

In the UK, sustainable packaging is no longer a “nice to have.” With increasing regulations, from the Plastic Packaging Tax to Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes, businesses are expected to walk the green talk.

According to WRAP, 70% of UK consumers say they’re more likely to buy from brands that use sustainable packaging. And while awareness of compostable materials is still growing, demand is rising fast   especially among food retailers, e-commerce brands, and boutique retail sectors.

So What Should Businesses Do?

If you’re serious about reducing environmental impact while staying compliant and consumer-friendly, compostable packaging is the more reliable option. But it comes with a few responsibilities:

  • Make sure you understand how local waste systems handle compostable materials.
  • Label products clearly with disposal instructions. A compostable bag in the wrong bin is a missed opportunity.
  • Educate your customers. Many want to do the right thing they just need better guidance.

Final Thoughts (and Where Green Bell Fits In)

At Green Bell Packaging, we’re not just here to slap a green label on things. We focus on practical, planet-friendly packaging that aligns with both real-world business needs and environmental impact.

From our 100% compostable food containers and eco-friendly takeaway boxes to custom-printed paper bags and durable cotton tote bags, every product is designed to serve a purpose   and not outlive it by 400 years.

We’re not reinventing the bag. We’re simply making sure it works harder, lasts longer (in the right way), and says the right thing about your brand.

Explore our line of compostable food packaging and retail-ready paper bags to make the switch that your customers and the planet will thank you for.

Because in the world of sustainability, clarity isn’t just nice. It’s necessary.